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CAIE A-Level Chemistry 21.1.2 Multi-Step Synthetic Routes

Practise devising multi-step routes between organic molecules with valid intermediates, reagents and conditions.

Syllabus
2028–2030
Course
Chemistry 9701
Level
AS

Exam points

  • work backwards from the target functional group to a plausible immediate precursor
  • write each intermediate explicitly and specify reagent, solvent, heat, reflux or pressure where required
  • use routes such as alcohol → halogenoalkane → nitrile only when carbon-count and connectivity match

21.1.2—Devise multi-step synthetic routes question 1

[Maximum number: 3]

Organic compounds can be distinguished using chemical tests and analytical techniques.

C2 can be synthesised using A1 as a single organic reactant.

A1

A1

C2

C2

Devise a multi-step synthetic route to form C2 from A1. Identify relevant reagents and conditions, and state the organic products of each step.

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