CAIE A-Level Economics 4.2.2 Injections & leakages

CAIE A-Level Economics 4.2.2 Injections & leakages
Cambridge International AS & A Level Economics 9708 syllabus for exams in 2026, 2027 and 20282026–2028

Practise classifying injections and leakages and predicting their first-round effects on the circular flow of income.

How this is tested

  • distinguish injections from leakages in scenarios involving spending, saving, taxes and imports
  • predict whether changes in exports, investment or government spending raise the income flow

Question 15

[Maximum number: 1]

What is an example of an injection into the circular flow of income in an open economy?

A

consumer spending on goods

B

expenditure on a government construction project

C

spending by households on holidays abroad

D

repayment of loans to commercial banks