EduNinja

EduNinja

12. Energy and Respiration

12.2 Respiration

13. Photosynthesis

13.1 Photosynthesis as Energy Transfer Process

13.2 Investigation of Limiting Factors

14. Homeostasis

14.1 Homeostasis in Mammals

14.2 Homeostasis in Plants

15. Control and Coordination

15.1 Control and Coordination in Mammals

15.2 Control and Coordination in Plants

16. Inheritance

16.1 Passage of Information from Parents to Offspring

16.1.1—Haploid (n) and diploid (2n)

16.1.2—Homologous pairs of chromosomes

16.1.3—Reduction division

16.1.4—Chromosome behaviour during meiosis

16.1.5—Meiosis I and II stages

16.1.6—Meiosis image interpretation

16.1.7—Genetic variation in meiosis

16.1.8—Random fertilisation and variation

16.2 The Roles of Genes in Determining Phenotype

16.3 Gene Control

17. Selection and Evolution

17.2 Natural and Artificial Selection

18. Classification, Biodiversity and Conservation

18.1 Classification

18.2 Biodiversity

18.3 Conservation

19. Genetic Technology

19.1 Principles of Genetic Technology

19.2 Genetic Technology Applied to Medicine

19.3 Genetically Modified Organisms in Agriculture

Practical assessment skills

Paper 3 Advanced Practical Skills

Paper 5 Planning, Analysis and Evaluation

Mathematical and statistical skills

AS and A Level mathematical requirements

A Level only mathematical and statistical requirements

A Level formula reference and statistics notes

A-Level CAIE Biology A2 16.1.7—Genetic variation in meiosis Question Bank

16.1.7—Genetic variation in meiosis

• Crossing over and random orientation (independent assortment) produce genetically different gametes

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