EduNinja

EduNinja

12. Energy and Respiration

12.2 Respiration

12.2.1—Four stages of aerobic respiration location

12.2.2—Glycolysis pathway

12.2.3—Pyruvate and the link reaction

12.2.4—Link reaction

12.2.5—Krebs cycle carbon compounds

12.2.6—Krebs cycle redox reactions

12.2.7—NAD and FAD in respiration

12.2.8—Oxidative phosphorylation

12.2.9—Mitochondria structure-function relationship

12.2.10—Lactate and ethanol fermentation

12.2.11—Energy yield

12.2.12—Rice adaptations to flooding

12.2.13—Redox indicator investigation

12.2.14—Respirometer investigations

13. Photosynthesis

13.1 Photosynthesis as Energy Transfer Process

13.2 Investigation of Limiting Factors

14. Homeostasis

14.1 Homeostasis in Mammals

14.2 Homeostasis in Plants

15. Control and Coordination

15.1 Control and Coordination in Mammals

15.2 Control and Coordination in Plants

16. Inheritance

16.1 Passage of Information from Parents to Offspring

16.2 The Roles of Genes in Determining Phenotype

16.3 Gene Control

17. Selection and Evolution

17.2 Natural and Artificial Selection

18. Classification, Biodiversity and Conservation

18.1 Classification

18.2 Biodiversity

18.3 Conservation

19. Genetic Technology

19.1 Principles of Genetic Technology

19.2 Genetic Technology Applied to Medicine

19.3 Genetically Modified Organisms in Agriculture

Practical assessment skills

Paper 3 Advanced Practical Skills

Paper 5 Planning, Analysis and Evaluation

Mathematical and statistical skills

AS and A Level mathematical requirements

A Level only mathematical and statistical requirements

A Level formula reference and statistics notes

A-Level CAIE Biology A2 12.2.3—Pyruvate and the link reaction Question Bank

12.2.3—Pyruvate and the link reaction

• Pyruvate enters mitochondria for link reaction when oxygen available

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