Edexcel IGCSE Physics (b) Energy transfers

[Maximum number: 3]

A student stretches a rubber band.

(a)

The photographs show a rubber band before and after it has been stretched.

before

after

[ 3 ]

(i)

State which energy store increases in the rubber band after it has been stretched.

[ 1 ]

(ii)

State the main method of energy transfer when the rubber band is stretched.

[ 1 ]

(iii)

State the source of the energy transferred to the rubber band.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 9]

The photograph shows a toy car. When the toy car is pulled backwards, energy is stored in the elastic store as the rubber band is twisted.

Figure for Question 2 — Edexcel IGCSE Physics

When the car is released, some of the energy from the elastic store is transferred to the kinetic store of the car.

The remaining energy is transferred into the thermal store of the surroundings.

(a)

State what is meant by the principle of conservation of energy.

[ 1 ]

(b)

The car is pulled backwards so that there is 165 J of energy in its elastic store.

When the car is released, this energy is transferred to the car's kinetic energy store with an efficiency of 15\%.

[ 8 ]

(i)

State the formula linking efficiency, useful energy output and total energy output.

[ 1 ]

efficiency $=\frac{\text { useful (energy) output }}{\text { total (energy) output }}$ ;

ignore ×100(\%)
allow rearrangements
allow total (energy) input for total (energy) output

(ii)

Calculate the energy transferred into the thermal store of the surroundings.

energy transferred to thermal store = ............ J

[ 4 ]

(iii)

Draw a labelled Sankey diagram for this energy transfer.

[ 3 ]

diagram to show standard single input with two output arrows;
input and output arrows labelled correctly;

scale approximately correct;

e.g.

Figure for Answer to Question (iii) — Edexcel IGCSE Physics

arrows can be in any orientation e.g. both useful and wasted arrows
drawn horizontally
allow
elastic, input, total for initial arrow kinetic, useful (output) for narrower output thermal/heat, wasted (output) for wider output but apply ECF from (b)(ii)
allow ECF from (b)(ii)
judge by eye - wasted arrow should
be at least $4 \times$ wider than useful
arrow and they should sum to
approximately the width of the
input

[Maximum number: 3]

A student uses this apparatus to investigate how the efficiency of an electric motor varies with its input voltage.

Figure for Question 3 — Edexcel IGCSE Physics

This is the student's method.
- connect the electric motor to a d.c. power supply and a joulemeter
- attach a 1.0 kg mass to the electric motor using a length of string
- set the voltage of the power supply to 10 V and switch on the power supply
- switch off the power supply when the mass has been lifted through a distance of 50 cm
- record the input energy to the motor from the joulemeter
- calculate the energy transferred to the gravitational store of the mass
- calculate the efficiency of the motor

The student repeats this process, setting the power supply to a different voltage each time.

The table shows the student's results.

Table for Question 3 — Edexcel IGCSE Physics

Calculate the motor efficiency when the power supply is set to a voltage of 10 V.

efficiency = ............ %

Marking points:
- efficiency formula seen
- substitution
- evaluation

Example:
$\text{efficiency}=\frac{\text{useful energy output}}{\text{total energy input}}\times100\%$ $\text{efficiency}=\frac{5}{12.7}\times100\%$ $\text{efficiency}=39.4\%$

Accept:
- $39\%$
- $39.37\ldots\%$

Ignore:
- significant figures

Reject:
- unsupported incorrect answer

[Maximum number: 3]

The photograph shows a toy car. When the toy car is pulled backwards, energy is stored in the elastic store as the rubber band is twisted.

Figure for Question 4 — Edexcel IGCSE Physics

When the car is released, some of the energy from the elastic store is transferred to the kinetic store of the car.

The remaining energy is transferred into the thermal store of the surroundings.

The car is pulled backwards so that there is 165 J of energy in its elastic store.

When the car is released, this energy is transferred to the car's kinetic energy store with an efficiency of 15\%.

Draw a labelled Sankey diagram for this energy transfer.

diagram to show standard single input with two output arrows;
input and output arrows labelled correctly;

scale approximately correct;

e.g.

Figure for Answer to Question 4 — Edexcel IGCSE Physics

arrows can be in any orientation e.g. both useful and wasted arrows
drawn horizontally
allow
elastic, input, total for initial arrow kinetic, useful (output) for narrower output thermal/heat, wasted (output) for wider output but apply ECF from (b)(ii)
allow ECF from (b)(ii)
judge by eye - wasted arrow should
be at least $4 \times$ wider than useful
arrow and they should sum to
approximately the width of the
input

[Maximum number: 4]

A student pours a known volume of hot water into a metal container. They place the metal container into an insulated plastic cup containing an equal volume of cold water.

Figure for Question 5 — Edexcel IGCSE Physics

The student uses temperature probes to measure the temperatures of both the water in the metal container and the water in the plastic cup.

The het water has an initial temperature of $70^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and the cold water has an initial temperature of $5^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ .

Explain why the temperatures of the hot water and the cold water change.

You should refer to different types of thermal energy transfer in your answer.

[Maximum number: 2]

Hailstones are small pieces of ice that sometimes fall to the ground during storms.

Hailstones can be lifted to the top of clouds.

The diagram shows the movement of some hailstones in a cloud.

Figure for Question 6 — Edexcel IGCSE Physics

Suggest how hailstones are lifted to the top of the cloud by convection.

[Maximum number: 2]

The photograph shows infrared heating lamps being used to harden fresh paint on a car.

Figure for Question 7 — Edexcel IGCSE Physics

Paint takes less time to harden when it absorbs more energy from infrared radiation.

A technician observes that white paint takes more time to harden than black paint.

Explain this observation.

[Maximum number: 4]

A student pours a known volume of hot water into a metal container. They place the metal container into an insulated plastic cup containing an equal volume of cold water.

Figure for Question 8 — Edexcel IGCSE Physics

The student uses temperature probes to measure the temperatures of both the water in the metal container and the water in the plastic cup.

The het water has an initial temperature of $70^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and the cold water has an initial temperature of $5^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ .

On the axes, sketch how the temperature of the hot water and the temperature of the cold water vary with time.

[Maximum number: 3]

A student pours a known volume of hot water into a metal container. They place the metal container into an insulated plastic cup containing an equal volume of cold water.

Figure for Question 9 — Edexcel IGCSE Physics

The student uses temperature probes to measure the temperatures of both the water in the metal container and the water in the plastic cup.

The het water has an initial temperature of $70^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and the cold water has an initial temperature of $5^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ .

Explain how placing a lid on the plastic cup would affect the results.

Edexcel IGCSE Physics B Energy Transfers Questions

Exam points

Covered syllabus points

Covered syllabus points

Question 1

Question (a)

Question (i)

Question (ii)

Question (iii)

Question 2

Question (a)

Question (b)

Question (i)

Question (ii)

Question (iii)

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9