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6. Plant nutrition

Syllabus
0610–2026–2027
Section
6
Level

Exam analysis

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Topic 6.1

6.1 Photosynthesis

Objectives in this topic

6.1.1—Photosynthesis as the process by which

  • Describe photosynthesis as the process by which plants synthesise carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light

6.1.2—Word equation for photosynthesis

  • State the word equation for photosynthesis as: carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen in the presence of light and chlorophyll

6.1.3—Chlorophyll is a green pigment that is

  • State that chlorophyll is a green pigment that is found in chloroplasts

6.1.4—Chlorophyll transfers energy

  • State that chlorophyll transfers energy from light into energy in chemicals, for the synthesis of carbohydrates

6.1.10—Photosynthesis equation

  • State the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis as: 6CO 2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

6.1.5—Subsequent use and storage

  • Outline the subsequent use and storage of the carbohydrates made in photosynthesis, limited to: (a) starch as an energy store (b) cellulose to build cell walls (c) glucose used in respiration to provide energy (d) sucrose for transport in the phloem (e) nectar to attract insects for pollination

6.1.6—Importance of: (a) nitrate ions

  • Explain the importance of: (a) nitrate ions for making amino acids (b) magnesium ions for making chlorophyll

6.1.7—Need for chlorophyll, light and carbon

  • Investigate the need for chlorophyll, light and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, using appropriate controls

6.1.8—Effects of varying light intensity

  • Investigate and describe the effects of varying light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on the rate of photosynthesis

6.1.9—Effect of light and dark conditions on

  • Investigate and describe the effect of light and dark conditions on gas exchange in an aquatic plant using hydrogencarbonate indicator solution

6.1.11—Explain the limiting factors

  • Identify and explain the limiting factors of photosynthesis in different environmental conditions

Topic 6.2

6.2 Leaf structure

Objectives in this topic

6.2.1—Most leaves have a large surface area

  • State that most leaves have a large surface area and are thin, and explain how these features are adaptations for photosynthesis

6.2.2—Following structures in the leaf

  • Identify in diagrams and images the following structures in the leaf of a dicotyledonous plant: chloroplasts, cuticle, guard cells and stomata, upper and lower epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, air spaces, vascular bundles, xylem and phloem

6.2.3—Structures listed in 6.2.2 adapt

  • Explain how the structures listed in 6.2.2 adapt leaves for photosynthesis
ConceptIGCSE Biology