11. Gas exchange in humans
- Syllabus
- 0610–2026–2027
- Section
- 11
- Level
- —
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In this section
Topic 11.1
11.1 Gas exchange in humans
Objectives in this topic
11.1.1—Features of gas exchange surfaces
- Describe the features of gas exchange surfaces in humans, limited to: large surface area, thin surface, good blood supply and good ventilation with air
11.1.2—Following parts of the breathing
- Identify in diagrams and images the following parts of the breathing system: lungs, diaphragm, ribs, intercostal muscles, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and associated capillaries
11.1.3—Differences in composition between
- Investigate the differences in composition between inspired and expired air using limewater as a test for carbon dioxide
11.1.4—Differences in composition between
- Describe the differences in composition between inspired and expired air, limited to: oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour
11.1.5—Effects of physical activity on
- Investigate and describe the effects of physical activity on the rate and depth of breathing
11.1.6—Internal and external intercostal
- Identify in diagrams and images the internal and external intercostal muscles
11.1.7—Function of cartilage in the trachea
- State the function of cartilage in the trachea
11.1.8—Ventilation mechanics
- Explain the role of the ribs, the internal and external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm in producing volume and pressure changes in the thorax leading to the ventilation of the lungs
11.1.9—Differences in composition between
- Explain the differences in composition between inspired and expired air
11.1.10—Link between physical activity
- Explain the link between physical activity and the rate and depth of breathing in terms of: an increased carbon dioxide concentration in the blood, which is detected by the brain, leading to an increased rate and greater depth of breathing
11.1.11—Role of goblet cells, mucus
- Explain the role of goblet cells, mucus and ciliated cells in protecting the breathing system from pathogens and particles