3. Movement into and out of cells
- Syllabus
- 0610–2026–2027
- Section
- 3
- Level
- —
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In this section
Topic 3.1
3.1 Diffusion
Objectives in this topic
3.1.1—Diffusion
- Describe diffusion as the net movement of particles from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration (i.e. down a concentration gradient), as a result of their random movement
3.1.2—Energy for diffusion comes
- State that the energy for diffusion comes from the kinetic energy of random movement of molecules and ions
3.1.3—Diffusion through cell membranes
- State that some substances move into and out of cells by diffusion through the cell membrane
3.1.4—Importance of diffusion
- Describe the importance of diffusion of gases and solutes in living organisms
3.1.5—Factors that influence diffusion
- Investigate the factors that influence diffusion, limited to: surface area, temperature, concentration gradient and distance
Topic 3.2
3.2 Osmosis
Objectives in this topic
3.2.1—Water as a solvent
- Describe the role of water as a solvent in organisms with reference to digestion, excretion and transport
3.2.2—Water diffuses through partially
- State that water diffuses through partially permeable membranes by osmosis
3.2.3—Osmosis through cell membranes
- State that water moves into and out of cells by osmosis through the cell membrane
3.2.4—Osmosis using materials such
- Investigate osmosis using materials such as dialysis tubing
3.2.5—Effects on plant tissues of immersing
- Investigate and describe the effects on plant tissues of immersing them in solutions of different concentrations
3.2.6—Plants are supported by the pressure
- State that plants are supported by the pressure of water inside the cells pressing outwards on the cell wall
3.2.7—Osmosis as the net movement of water
- Describe osmosis as the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential (dilute solution) to a region of lower water potential (concentrated solution), through a partially permeable membrane
3.2.8—Effects on plant cells of immersing
- Explain the effects on plant cells of immersing them in solutions of different concentrations by using the terms: turgid, turgor pressure, plasmolysis, flaccid
3.2.9—Importance of water potential
- Explain the importance of water potential and osmosis in the uptake and loss of water by organisms
Topic 3.3
3.3 Active transport
Objectives in this topic
3.3.1—Active transport as the movement
- Describe active transport as the movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration (i.e. against a concentration gradient), using energy from respiration
3.3.2—Importance of active transport
- Explain the importance of active transport as a process for movement of molecules or ions across membranes, including ion uptake by root hairs
3.3.3—Protein carriers move molecules or
- State that protein carriers move molecules or ions across a membrane during active transport