12. Respiration
- Syllabus
- 0610–2026–2027
- Section
- 12
- Level
- —
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Topic 12.1
12.1 Respiration
Objectives in this topic
12.1.1—Uses of energy in living organisms
- State the uses of energy in living organisms, including: muscle contraction, protein synthesis, cell division, active transport, growth, the passage of nerve impulses and the maintenance of a constant body temperature
12.1.2—Effect of temperature on respiration
- Investigate and describe the effect of temperature on respiration in yeast
Topic 12.2
12.2 Aerobic respiration
Objectives in this topic
12.2.1—Aerobic respiration as the chemical
- Describe aerobic respiration as the chemical reactions in cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy
12.2.2—Word equation for aerobic respiration
- State the word equation for aerobic respiration as: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
12.2.3—Balanced chemical equation for aerobic
- State the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration as: C 6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
Topic 12.3
12.3 Anaerobic respiration
Objectives in this topic
12.3.1—Anaerobic respiration as the chemical
- Describe anaerobic respiration as the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen
12.3.2—Anaerobic respiration releases much
- State that anaerobic respiration releases much less energy per glucose molecule than aerobic respiration
12.3.3—Word equation for anaerobic
- State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast as: glucose → alcohol + carbon dioxide
12.3.4—Word equation for anaerobic
- State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles during vigorous exercise as: glucose → lactic acid
12.3.5—Anaerobic respiration equation
- State the balanced chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast as: C 6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
12.3.6—Lactic acid builds up in muscles
- State that lactic acid builds up in muscles and blood during vigorous exercise causing an oxygen debt
12.3.7—How the oxygen debt is removed after
- Outline how the oxygen debt is removed after exercise, limited to: (a) continuation of fast heart rate to transport lactic acid in the blood from the muscles to the liver (b) continuation of deeper and faster breathing to supply oxygen for aerobic respiration of lactic acid (c) aerobic respiration of lactic acid in the liver