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4.1 Biological molecules

Syllabus
0610–2026–2027
Topic
4.1
Level
—

4.1.1—Chemical elements that make up

  • List the chemical elements that make up: carbohydrates, fats and proteins

4.1.2—Large molecules are made from smaller

  • State that large molecules are made from smaller molecules, limited to: (a) starch, glycogen and cellulose from glucose (b) proteins from amino acids (c) fats and oils from fatty acids and glycerol

4.1.3—Food tests

  • Describe the use of: (a) iodine solution test for starch (b) Benedict’s solution test for reducing sugars (c) biuret test for proteins (d) ethanol emulsion test for fats and oils (e) DCPIP test for vitamin C

4.1.4—Structure of a DNA molecule: (a) two

  • Describe the structure of a DNA molecule: (a) two strands coiled together to form a double helix (b) each strand contains chemicals called bases (c) bonds between pairs of bases hold the strands together (d) the bases always pair up in the same way: A with T, and C with G (full names are not required)

Objective notes

4 learning objectives
ConceptIGCSE Biology