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11. Gas exchange in humans

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  1. 11.1 Gas exchange in humans

    1. 11.1.1Features of gas exchange surfaces

      • Describe the features of gas exchange surfaces in humans, limited to: large surface area, thin surface, good blood supply and good ventilation with air

    2. 11.1.2Following parts of the breathing

      • Identify in diagrams and images the following parts of the breathing system: lungs, diaphragm, ribs, intercostal muscles, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and associated capillaries

    3. 11.1.3Differences in composition between

      • Investigate the differences in composition between inspired and expired air using limewater as a test for carbon dioxide

    4. 11.1.4Differences in composition between

      • Describe the differences in composition between inspired and expired air, limited to: oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour

    5. 11.1.5Effects of physical activity on

      • Investigate and describe the effects of physical activity on the rate and depth of breathing

    6. 11.1.6Internal and external intercostal

      • Identify in diagrams and images the internal and external intercostal muscles

    7. 11.1.7Function of cartilage in the trachea

      • State the function of cartilage in the trachea

    8. 11.1.8Ventilation mechanics

      • Explain the role of the ribs, the internal and external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm in producing volume and pressure changes in the thorax leading to the ventilation of the lungs

    9. 11.1.9Differences in composition between

      • Explain the differences in composition between inspired and expired air

    10. 11.1.10Link between physical activity

      • Explain the link between physical activity and the rate and depth of breathing in terms of: an increased carbon dioxide concentration in the blood, which is detected by the brain, leading to an increased rate and greater depth of breathing

    11. 11.1.11Role of goblet cells, mucus

      • Explain the role of goblet cells, mucus and ciliated cells in protecting the breathing system from pathogens and particles