IB Physics HL Study Guide & Review

Integrate shared and additional higher-level models, develop controlled multi-stage solutions and prepare separately for conceptual, data-based and extended IB Physics HL assessment demands across the current syllabus.

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  1. 01Learn concepts
  2. 02Practise questions
  3. 03Review mistakes

Syllabus knowledge tree

Explore the IB Physics HL syllabus

The current IB Physics HL syllabus uses five themes explored through forces, energy and particles, with additional higher-level depth including rigid-body mechanics, relativity, thermodynamics, induction and quantum physics. Use the Unit and Topic map to connect shared and HL-only models.

6
syllabus groups
30
mapped topics

Preview the course map

Explore the course units and topics. Sign in to open the full mastery workspace and see your progress.

A. Space, time and motion
A.1 Kinematics
A.2 Forces and momentum
A.3 Work, energy and power
A.4 Rigid body mechanics
A.5 Galilean and special relativity
B. The particulate nature of matter
B.1 Thermal energy transfers
B.2 Greenhouse effect
B.3 Gas laws
B.4 Thermodynamics
B.5 Current and circuits
C. Wave behaviour
C.1 Simple harmonic motion
C.2 Wave model
C.3 Wave phenomena
C.4 Standing waves and resonance
C.5 Doppler effect
D. Fields
D.1 Gravitational fields
D.2 Electric and magnetic fields
D.3 Motion in electromagnetic fields
D.4 Induction
E. Nuclear and quantum physics
E.1 Structure of the atom
E.2 Quantum physics
E.3 Radioactive decay
E.4 Fission
E.5 Fusion and stars
S Skills in Physics
S1.1 Experimental techniques
S1.2 Technology
S1.3 Mathematics
S2.1 Exploring and designing
S2.2 Collecting and processing data
S2.3 Concluding and evaluating

How to study IB Physics HL

IB Physics HL is not SL plus a detached list of extra facts. Use the syllabus map to connect rigid-body mechanics, relativity, thermodynamics, induction and quantum physics to the five shared themes. For every problem, decide which system, frame, state variables, field or particle model applies; represent it clearly; state assumptions; and predict the result before calculation. This makes longer Paper 2 chains easier to control and exposes where two models must be combined.

Rebuild difficult representations in Concept, retrieve relationships and conditions in Mastery, then use the Question Bank for staged mixed-theme practice. Classify every loss as model choice, missing assumption, derivation, algebra, units, graph or evidence interpretation. Repair the exact category and redo the setup without notes before attempting a harder variation.

Practise HL models by representation

Use distinct representations for additional higher-level Topics, then combine them deliberately with shared material in progressively longer problems.

Rigid bodies and relativity

Torque, angular momentum, reference frames and spacetime

Switch deliberately between force diagrams, rotational quantities and spacetime representations. State the frame and invariant or conservation principle before deriving, calculating and interpreting the result in its physical context clearly.

Practise advanced motion

Thermodynamics

First and second laws, entropy, gas processes and heat engines

Define the system and sign convention, identify state and path quantities, then trace energy and entropy changes across each process before using equations, cycle diagrams or efficiency comparisons.

Practise thermodynamics

Fields and induction

Field motion, flux, induced emf and electromagnetic interactions

Draw field direction and geometry, identify what changes with time, and use sign or direction reasoning before magnitude. Connect flux, force, energy and motion across the full chain.

Practise fields

Quantum and nuclear models

Evidence, wave–particle behaviour, decay, fission, fusion and stellar physics

Separate observation from model inference. State what the evidence rules out or supports, then connect energy, momentum and probability relationships without mixing incompatible classical and quantum assumptions together.

Practise quantum and nuclear

Mixed Paper 1B and Paper 2 reasoning

Graphs, uncertainty, experiments and multi-theme structured problems

Annotate the data and plan the sequence before calculating. Keep intermediate values, units and assumptions visible, then evaluate whether the final magnitude and conclusion fit all available evidence.

Open mixed HL practice

Where to start

Begin from one precise HL weakness or use mixed questions to reveal where a multi-stage solution first breaks down.

Choose your starting point

  1. I know the weak area

    Open the exact shared or additional higher-level Topic and identify its model, assumptions and linked prerequisites.

    Browse the HL syllabus
  2. The failure is unclear

    Attempt a mixed set and stop at the earliest repeated breakdown in setup, mathematics or interpretation.

    Open mixed HL questions

Choose the right starting point

  1. Select and connect models

    Represent the system, state assumptions and identify where two physical principles must be linked across stages.

    Review a Concept
  2. Reconstruct the chain

    Retrieve each relationship, derive or rearrange visibly and check dimensions, direction, frame and boundary conditions.

    Check Mastery
  3. Stress-test and repair

    Solve a mixed problem, locate the first failed decision and retry the complete setup after repair.

    Practise HL questions

IB Physics HL assessment format

External assessment contributes 80% and the scientific investigation contributes 20%. Prepare separately for conceptual discrimination, data analysis and structured physical reasoning at HL.

Paper / componentQuestionsTime% of grade
Paper 160 marksPaper 1A contains 40 multiple-choice marks and Paper 1B contains 20 data-based marks.How to prepare: Practise 1A by comparing models and eliminating physically inconsistent options; practise 1B through gradients, uncertainty, experimental evidence and concise conclusions.2 hours36%
Paper 290 marksStructured and extended-response questions covering SL and additional higher-level material.How to prepare: Build staged mixed-theme solutions, keeping assumptions, intermediate values, units and interpretation visible across longer chains.2 hours 30 minutes44%
Scientific investigation24 marksOne individual open-ended scientific investigation, internally assessed and externally moderated.How to prepare: Develop a focused question, controlled method, defensible uncertainty treatment, evidence-based conclusion and evaluation linked to specific limitations.10 recommended course hours20%

SourceInternational Baccalaureate Organization · IB Physics subject brief — first assessment 2025IB Physics · First assessment 2025

IB Physics HL questions

Keep the shared foundations active, but integrate additional higher-level models into mixed problems. Practise rigid bodies, relativity, thermodynamics, induction and quantum physics through their distinct representations, then combine them with shared mechanics, waves, fields and energy reasoning.

Build progressively longer mixed-theme sets before full papers. Plan the model sequence, state assumptions, preserve intermediate values and units, and locate the first failed decision after marking so the repair targets setup or reasoning rather than only the final calculation.

Know how the booklet is organised, but practise selecting relationships from a physical model. Reconstruct conditions and derivations where useful, then check dimensions, sign, direction, reference frame and limiting behaviour instead of treating the booklet as a formula-matching list.

No. Use resources aligned to the course first assessed in 2025 and its Paper 1A, Paper 1B and Paper 2 structure. Older option and Paper 3 materials may cover useful physics, but they should not define your current exam plan.