Analyse how beta-cell insulin and alpha-cell glucagon alter liver and muscle glucose stores when blood glucose deviates from its normal level.
Living organisms have mechanisms for preventing or reducing change.
Describe the mechanisms used to keep blood glucose levels within narrow limits in humans.
a. pancreas cells monitor blood glucose concentrations;
b. glucagon secreted by alpha cells and insulin by beta cells;
c. glucagon/insulin/hormones secreted into/transported by bloodstream;
d. insulin secreted when glucose concentration rises/is high;
e. insulin stimulates uptake of glucose by liver/muscle/body cells;
f. insulin stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen (in liver/muscle cells);
g. insulin stimulates body cells to use glucose instead of fat in cell respiration;
h. glucagon secreted when glucose concentration falls/is low;
i. glucagon stimulates breakdown of glycogen to glucose (by liver/muscle cells);
j. negative feedback (is used to regulate blood glucose concentration);
Marking guidance:
7 max