CAIE A-Level Chemistry 9.1 Period 3 Physical Property Trends
Practise describing Period 3 trends in radii, melting point and conductivity and explaining structural discontinuities.
- Syllabus
- 2028–2030
- Course
- Chemistry 9701
- Level
- AS
Practise describing Period 3 trends in radii, melting point and conductivity and explaining structural discontinuities.
Use the axes to sketch a graph that shows the trend in melting points of the elements with atomic numbers 11 to 17.

Correct sketch of the trend in melting points is shown in the attached official markscheme figure.

The table gives some data for elements in the third period and some of their compounds.

On the axes, sketch the trend in melting point of the elements Na to S .

graph rises to maximum for Si , then falls
Give three statements to explain your sketch.
1
2
3
Max. 3 from:
- increasing strength of metallic bond; Na<Mg<Al
OR stronger attraction between delocalised electrons and (positive) ion so melting point of Na<Mg<Al
- Si is giant covalent AND it has the highest melting point due to breaking / presence of strong (covalent) bonds OR Si requires the most energy because the covalent bonds in Si are stronger than metallic bonds (in Na / Mg / Al )
- P and S have weak(er) intermolecular forces / induced dipoles / van der Waals forces (than covalent / metallic bonds) so have low(er) melting points
- S(8) has stronger/more intermolecular forces/van der Waals forces/induced dipoles than P(4) so melting point of S(8) is higher