CAIE A-Level Chemistry AS 14.2.5 Inductive Effects of Alkyl Groups Questions

Practise CAIE 9701 Markovnikov addition by comparing carbocation stability, inductive effects and major HX-addition products.

Exam points

rank carbocation intermediates by substitution and electron-releasing alkyl groups
explain carbocation stability using the positive inductive effect
predict and justify the major product of HX or steam addition through the more stable carbocation

[Maximum number: 2]

Allyl chloride is an important chemical used in the manufacture of plastics, pharmaceuticals and pesticides.

allyl chloride

2-bromo-1-chloropropane, $\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CHBrCH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}$ , is the major product of the reaction of allyl chloride with HBr .

Figure for Question CAIE A-Level Chemistry AS 14.2.5 Inductive Effects of Alkyl Groups Questions question 1 — CAIE A-Level Chemistry AS

Explain why 2-bromo-1-chloropropane is the major product of this reaction.

M1 major product formed from more stable intermediate / carbocation

OR

(intermediate has) $2^{\circ}$ carbocation which is (more) stable

M2 (positive) inductive effect / (+)I of alkyl groups (on the intermediate)

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CAIE A-Level Chemistry AS 14.2.5 Inductive Effects of Alkyl Groups Questions question 1