CAIE A-Level Chemistry 12.1.2 Ammonia and Ammonium Chemistry

Practise ammonia basicity, formation and structure of NH4+, and displacement of ammonia from ammonium salts.

Exam points

show NH3 accepting H+ through its nitrogen lone pair and identify the donor–acceptor bond in NH4+
describe NH4+ as tetrahedral with four equivalent N–H bonds after formation
write an ammonium salt plus hydroxide equation producing NH3, H2O and the remaining salt ions

[Maximum number: 1]

Nitrogen and phosphorus are elements in Group 15 of the Periodic Table.

A common test for nitrates is the reaction with NaOH and Al . Equation 1 shows the reaction.

\text { equation } 1 \quad 3 \mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}+8 \mathrm{Al}+5 \mathrm{OH}^{-}+18 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightarrow 3 \mathrm{NH}_{3}+8\left[\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{4}\right]^{-}

$\mathrm{NH}_{3}$ is a basic gas.

Describe how $\mathrm{NH}_{3}$ is able to act as a base.

( $\mathrm{NH}_{3}$ is an) $\mathrm{H}^{+}$ acceptor

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