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CAIE A-Level Chemistry AS 12.1.2 And Explain Questions

Practise ammonia basicity, formation and structure of NH4+, and displacement of ammonia from ammonium salts.

Syllabus
2028–2030
Course
Chemistry 9701
Level
AS

Exam points

  • Explain ammonia's Brønsted–Lowry basicity as acceptance of H⁺ by the nitrogen lone pair.
  • Describe formation of NH₄⁺ by proton transfer to NH₃ and its tetrahedral structure with four equivalent N–H bonds.
  • Write and explain the acid–base displacement of ammonia from an ammonium salt by a stronger base, including NH₄⁺ + OH⁻ → NH₃ + H₂O.

CAIE A-Level Chemistry AS 12.1.2 And Explain Questions question 1

[Maximum number: 1]

Nitrogen and phosphorus are elements in Group 15 of the Periodic Table.

A common test for nitrates is the reaction with NaOH and Al . Equation 1 shows the reaction.

 equation 13NO3−+8Al+5OH−+18H2O→3NH3+8[Al(OH)4]−\text { equation } 1 \quad 3 \mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}+8 \mathrm{Al}+5 \mathrm{OH}^{-}+18 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \rightarrow 3 \mathrm{NH}_{3}+8\left[\mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{OH})_{4}\right]^{-}

NH3\mathrm{NH}_{3} is a basic gas.

Describe how NH3\mathrm{NH}_{3} is able to act as a base.

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