CAIE A-Level Chemistry 11.1.3 Halogen Volatility and London Forces
Practise explaining decreasing halogen volatility through electron count, polarizability and instantaneous dipole forces.
- Syllabus
- 2028–2030
- Course
- Chemistry 9701
- Level
- AS
Exam points
- state that electron number and molecular polarizability increase from Cl2 to Br2 to I2
- link greater polarizability to stronger instantaneous dipole–induced dipole attractions
- link stronger intermolecular attractions to higher boiling point and therefore lower volatility
11.1.3—The volatility of the elements question 1
[Maximum number: 3]
The halogens chlorine, bromine and iodine are all volatile elements.
State and explain the trend in volatility down Group 17.
M1: decreases (down the group)
M2: increasing induced dipoles
M3: greater number of electrons
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