CAIE A-Level Economics 3.1.1 Public Goods Non-provision

CAIE A-Level Economics 3.1.1 Public Goods Non-provision
Cambridge International AS & A Level Economics 9708 syllabus for exams in 2026, 2027 and 20282026–2028

Practise using non-excludability, non-rivalry and free riding to explain why markets may not provide public goods and why governments finance direct provision.

How this is tested

  • identify non-excludability and non-rivalry as the defining features of a public good
  • explain how free riding prevents firms from charging users and creates market non-provision
  • apply government finance or direct provision to flood defences while recognising opportunity cost

Question 12

[Maximum number: 1]

Which policy is most likely to solve the free rider problem caused by public goods?

A

an advertising campaign

B

a direct provision by the government

C

a minimum price

D

a tax on a substitute good