IB ESS HL 3.003.10 Organization Success Factors Question Bank

Analyse factors that determine the success of conservation organizations.

[Maximum number: 3]

Figure:Ken Saro-Wiwa, Ogoni environmental activist

Identify three reasons why the Ogoni people have been effective in campaigning against the environmental degradation of their land.

Figure:Ogoniland and the Ogoni people

A UN report on Ogoniland pollution called for a $\mathrm{US}\$1$ billion clean-up fund. It found drinking water with dangerous benzene and other pollutants, soil contamination more than five metres deep, failure by oil companies to meet standards, and spill sites claimed to be cleaned still highly contaminated. The Ogoni people fish and farm yam and cassava, worship land and rivers as God, and protect certain animals. They set up an environmental pressure group in 1990; during their non-violent campaign, Ken Saro-Wiwa was arrested, tried and hanged in 1995, causing international outrage.

they feel strongly about the land because of their spiritual connections to it/this is the only homeland they have / Ogoni people don't wish to live lavishly so they don't care to exploit the oil / their tradition is ecocentric so fight for their land; they are organized into a pressure group/NGO which has more power than an individual;
their campaign was non-violent and therefore did not alienate people;
Ken Saro-Wiwa execution raised their profile/caught media attention; their land has been particularly badly affected so most of the Ogoni were affected/so consensus was reached in campaigning;
UNEP report raised awareness about the issues they faced leading to recognition of the campaign / leading to awarding of $\$1$ billion (US) for clean-up;
they have been campaigning for over 20 years/since 1990/a long-running campaign of over 20 years/since 1990 means continual pressure on the companies and local continued involvement;

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3.3.10 (HL)—Organization success factors question 1