IB ESS HL 1.3.13 Ecological Footprints Questions

Practise applying ecological-footprint data to quantify resource demand, compare it with biocapacity and evaluate sustainability, assumptions and changes in human consumption.

Exam points

define and measure ecological footprint using land, water, resource consumption and waste-assimilation data
use ecological-footprint and biocapacity evidence to explain overshoot, sustainability and changes over time
evaluate how population, technology, consumption and model assumptions affect ecological-footprint conclusions

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Study 1.3.13—Ecological footprints conceptsOpen the corresponding Concept lesson for explanations, examples and exam connections.

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Figure:Ecological footprint and biocapacity for New Zealand (1961-2022)

Outline a reason why the ecological footprint of New Zealand has changed between 1961 and 2022, as shown in Figure: Ecological footprint and biocapacity for New Zealand (1961-2022).

a. EF has declined due to reduction in consumption of goods/materials/extraction of virgin materials/fossil fuels;
b. EF has declined due to reduction in waste production due to waste minimization/recycling materials/reusing materials;
c. EF has declined due to reduction in pollution/ $\mathrm{CO}_{2}$ emissions due to more efficient manufacture methods/transport/more stringent legislation/reduction in use of fossil fuels/incorporation of more sustainable agricultural practices;
d. EF has declined due to an increase in renewable energy sources;
e. EF has declined due to people switching to diets with a lower impact on GHG emissions;
9. With reference to the information in the resource booklet, to what extent is New Zealand managing its resources sustainably?

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IB ESS HL 1.3.13 Ecological Footprints Questions question 1