IB ESS HL 1.3.11 Scales of Sustainability and Justice Question Bank

name (e.g. ozone depletion / biodiversity loss / population growth / sustainable development / groundwater depletion/DDT in water); e.g. Ozone depletion
Outline of issue:
caused by release of CFCs in aerosols/refrigerators / NOx from fossil fuels; react with ozone to break it up;
causes 'holes' in ozone layer;
lets through ultraviolet/UV radiation; why it is a global problem:
damaging to wildlife/ecosystems/coral reefs etc.;
...that contribute significantly to global biodiversity;
damaging to marine phytoplankton;
...that is the major primary producer of biosphere;
damaging to human populations around the world; as it contributes to increased health costs/social and economic impacts of skin
cancer and eye damage;
caused by fossil fuel use/increased consumerism of CFC products throughout the world; and CFCs in MEDCs initially (until Montreal Protocol);
...and still in some LEDCs
e.g. biodiversity loss
Outline of issue:
Biodiversity lost by human activity directly: habitat destruction / pollution / agricultural/urban development / hunting/harvesting;
...and indirectly: global warming / climate change / flooding; which reduces stability of biosphere;
...and availability of human resources , for example, food/drugs; why it is a global problem:
Increase in global human population ...;
...leads to development all over the world;
...and increased demands on biotic resources everywhere;
...and higher levels of pollution affecting global systems of atmosphere/oceans;
Survival of ecosystems are important in maintaining global climate; for example significance of rainforests in managing greenhouse effect;

Marking guidance:

Award [3 max] if either the outline or global argument is omitted.
Award [3 max] if no specific example named, this includes inappropriate examples eg 'pollution' (too broad), 'resource usage' (too vague), 'acid rain' (regional, not global).
If global warming is used as the example award zero credit. However use ecf (error carried forward) for part b and c of the question, if the have reasonable answers and effectively use global warming as the example.