IB ESS HL 1.3.1 Sustainability Definition Question Bank
Define sustainability as responsible maintenance of socio-ecological systems without diminishing future conditions.
- Syllabus
- First assessment 2026
- Course
- ESS HL
- Level
- HL
Define sustainability as responsible maintenance of socio-ecological systems without diminishing future conditions.

Figure:A family of Chukchi outside their yaranga in Siberia

Figure:Modern city house in Siberia
With reference to Figures: A family of Chukchi outside their yaranga in Siberia and Modern city house in Siberia, outline one reason why the yaranga is more sustainable than the modern city house.
the yaranga uses fewer materials/resources/wood to construct than a modern city house; the yaranga is made of entirely renewable materials, (the city house is not); all yaranga materials are biodegradable/naturally recyclable, (some city house materials are not); the city house has associated infrastructure roads/utility supplies etc, the yaranga does not; production of concrete used in city house produces waste and chemical pollution; the yaranga is mobile so no permanent destruction of habitat, (city house is not); yaranga has smaller size; yaranga is made from local materials, therefore less energy used in transport; yaranga is made from local materials that are used sustainably; yaranga may be better insulated/less heat loss;
Marking guidance:
Do not accept only 'yaranga has a smaller ecological footprint'.
Do not accept only 'yaranga made of wood/local/natural materials'.
Do not accept only 'modern city houses use concrete/bricks/ man-made materials'.
For credit a reason much be given to why the materials used are more/less sustainable.