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22. Analytical techniques

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  1. 22.1 Infrared spectroscopy

    1. 22.1.1

      • Analyse an infrared spectrum of a simple molecule to identify functional groups (see the Data section for the functional groups required)

  2. 22.2 Mass spectrometry

    1. 22.2.1Analyse mass spectra

      • Analyse mass spectra in terms of m/e values and isotopic abundances (knowledge of the working of the mass spectrometer is not required)

    2. 22.2.2The atomic mass of an element

      • Calculate the relative atomic mass of an element given the relative abundances of its isotopes, or its mass spectrum

    3. 22.2.3The molecular mass of an organic molecule

      • Deduce the molecular mass of an organic molecule from the molecular ion peak in a mass spectrum

    4. 22.2.4Suggest the identity of molecules formed

      • Suggest the identity of molecules formed by simple fragmentation in a given mass spectrum

    5. 22.2.5The number of carbon atoms, n, in a compound

      • Deduce the number of carbon atoms, n, in a compound using the [M + 1]+ peak and the formula n = 100 × abundance of [M + 1]+ ion 1.1 × abundance of M+ ion

    6. 22.2.6The presence of bromine and chlorine atoms

      • Deduce the presence of bromine and chlorine atoms in a compound using the [M + 2] + peak