11. Group 17
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11.1 Physical properties of the Group 17 elements
11.1.1Colours and the trend in volatility
• Describe the colours and the trend in volatility of chlorine, bromine and iodine
11.1.2Trend in the bond strength of the halogen
• Describe/explain: the trend in the bond strength of the halogen molecules
11.1.3The volatility of the elements
• Interpret the volatility of the elements in terms of instantaneous dipole–induced dipole forces
11.2 The chemical properties of the halogen elements and the hydrogen halides
11.2.1Reactivity of the elements as oxidising agents
• Describe the relative reactivity of the elements as oxidising agents
11.2.2Reactions of the elements with hydrogen
�� Describe reactions of the elements with hydrogen and explain their relative reactivity in these reactions
11.2.3Thermal stabilities of the hydrogen halides
• Describe the relative thermal stabilities of the hydrogen halides and explain these in terms of bond strengths
11.3 Some reactions of the halide ions
11.3.1Reactivity of halide ions as reducing agents
• Describe the relative reactivity of halide ions as reducing agents
11.3.2Reactions of halide ions
• Describe/explain: the reactions of halide ions with:: (a) aq. silver ions followed by aq. ammonia (the formation and formula of the [Ag(NH3)2]+ complex is not required); (b) conc. sulfuric acid, to include balanced chemical equations
11.4 The reactions of chlorine
11.4.1And interpret
• Describe and interpret, in terms of changes in oxidation number, the reaction of chlorine with cold and with hot aq. sodium hydroxide and recognise these as disproportionation reactions
11.4.2Explain
• Explain, including by use of an equation, the use of chlorine in water purification to include the production of the active species HOCl and Cl O – which kill bacteria