12. Nitrogen and sulfur
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12.1 Nitrogen and sulfur
12.1.1Lack of reactivity of nitrogen, using triple
• Explain the lack of reactivity of nitrogen, using triple bond strength and lack of polarity
12.1.2And explain
• Describe and explain:: (a) the basicity of ammonia, using the Brønsted–Lowry theory; (b) the structure of the ammonium ion and its formation by an acid–base reaction; (c) the displacement of ammonia from ammonium salts by an acid–base reaction
12.1.3NOx sources and catalytic removal
• State/explain: the natural and man-made occurrences of oxides of nitrogen and their catalytic removal from the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines
12.1.4Atmospheric NOx and photochemical smog
• Understand: atmospheric oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO 2) can react with unburned hydrocarbons to form peroxyacetyl nitrate, PAN, which is a component of photochemical smog
12.1.5Role of NO and NO2 in the formation of acid
• Describe the role of NO and NO2 in the formation of acid rain both directly and in their catalytic role in the oxidation of atmospheric sulfur dioxide