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CAIE A-Level Biology 7.2.2 Water Transport from Soil to Xylem

Practise tracing water through root hairs and cortex by apoplast or symplast routes, then explain how the suberin Casparian strip forces selective membrane crossing.

Syllabus
2028–2030
Course
Biology 9700
Level
AS

Exam points

  • trace osmosis into root hairs and movement down a water-potential gradient through cortex
  • distinguish apoplast wall spaces from symplast cytoplasm linked by plasmodesmata
  • explain how suberin in the Casparian strip blocks apoplast flow at the endodermis

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