Edexcel IGCSE Physics (c) Stellar evolution Question Bank
Practise interpreting star data, colour-temperature links, evolutionary pathways, absolute magnitude and Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams.
- Syllabus
- First assessment 2019
- Course
- Physics 4PH1
Practise interpreting star data, colour-temperature links, evolutionary pathways, absolute magnitude and Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams.
This question is about astrophysics.
Table 2 gives information about four different stars in the same galaxy as the Sun.

Table 2
Explain how the stars in table 2 can be classified according to their colour.
idea that colour depends on temperature;
Antares / red is coolest;
full (surface) temperature order given; e.g. in order of coolest to hottest
- Antares, Capella, Sirius B, Vega
- red, yellow, white, blue-white
allow idea that colour is
how hot/cold the star is
also scores MP1
allow Vega / blue-white / blue is hottest
allow RA
Describe the likely future evolution of Antares.
- supernova
- neutron star
- black hole
Accept:
- pulsar for neutron star
- idea that Antares becomes a black hole or neutron star
Marking guidance:
- Deduct 1 mark if the order of stages is incorrect or incorrect stages are named.
Describe what additional information is needed to predict the next evolutionary stage for Vega.
- evolution depends on mass
- relative to the Sun
Marking guidance:
- Idea that it depends on the solar mass(es) of Vega scores 2 marks.
The student extends the investigation by recording additional data for the lamp.
This is her method.
For each voltage
- switch the current on for 45 seconds
- record the current and colour of the lamp
- calculate the power and the energy transferred by the lamp
The table shows the student's results.

The colour of a star is related to its surface temperature.
The Sun is yellow.
Use the student's results to identify a colour for a star that is cooler than the Sun.
red or orange;
This question is about stars.
Describe the stages in the evolution of a star similar in mass to the Sun.
Any four correctly linked stages:
- MP1. nebula to protostar
- MP2. protostar to main sequence
- MP3. main sequence to red giant
- MP4. red giant to white dwarf
- MP5. white dwarf to black dwarf
Accept:
- cloud of dust/gas for nebula
- main stage for main sequence
- 1 marking point if a stage is missing, e.g. nebula to main sequence gets either MP1 or MP2
Marking guidance:
- Limit to 2 marks maximum if incorrect stages are given, e.g. red supergiant / supernova / neutron star / black hole.