CAIE IGCSE Physics 2.1.3 Gases and the…emperature

Covered syllabus points

2.1.3.1—Qualitatively, in terms of particles 2.1.3.2—Convert temperatures between kelvin 2.1.3.3—Recall/use: pV = constant for a fixed

[Maximum number: 8]

(a)

The lowest possible temperature is zero kelvin ( 0 K ).

[ 2 ]

(i)

Nitrogen boils at 77 K .

Calculate the boiling point of nitrogen on the Celsius scale.
boiling point = ${ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}[2]$

[ 2 ]

$-196\left({ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)$
(absolute zero / 0 K ) $=-273\left({ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)$

(b)

The temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume changes from 300 K to 400 K .

State and explain, in terms of particles, the effect on the pressure of the gas.
statement
explanation

[ 4 ]

(c)

A sample of gas is at a pressure of 120 kPa . The volume of the gas is doubled at constant temperature.

Calculate the new pressure of the gas.
pressure =

[ 2 ]

(pressure =) 60 kPa OR $6.0 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{~Pa}$ $p_{1} V_{1}=p_{2} V_{2}$ OR $\left(p_{2}=\right) p_{1} V_{1} / V_{2}$ OR p V= constant

OR $p \propto 1 / V$ OR $1.2 \times 10^{5} \times 0.5$ OR $6.0 \times 10^{n}$

[Maximum number: 1]

What is the relationship between temperatures in kelvin ( T ) and temperatures in degrees Celsius $(\theta)$ ?

$\theta=T+273$

$\theta=T-273$

$\theta=T+373$

$\theta=T-373$

[Maximum number: 3]

A gas cylinder contains helium gas at a pressure of $2.0 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{~Pa}$ . A volume of $0.026 \mathrm{~m}^{3}$ of the compressed gas is released from the cylinder into balloons. Each balloon contains $0.015 \mathrm{~m}^{3}$ of helium at atmospheric pressure ( $1.0 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~Pa}$ ). The temperature remains constant.

Calculate the maximum number of balloons that can be filled.

(maximum number = ) 34
p V= constant OR $\left\{2.0 \times 10^{6} \times 0.026\right\}=1.0 \times 10^{5} \times V_{2}$ $V_{2}=0.52\left(\mathrm{~m}^{3}\right) \mathbf{OR}\left(V_{2}=\right)\left\{2.0 \times 10^{6} \times 0.026\right\} / 1.0 \times 10^{5}$

OR (number of balloons = ) $\left\{2.0 \times 10^{6} \times 0.026\right\} /\left\{1.0 \times 10^{5} \times 0.015\right\}$

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CAIE IGCSE Physics 2.1.3 Gases and the Absolute Scale of Temperature Topic Practice

Covered syllabus points

Question 1

Question (a)

Question (i)

Question (b)

Question (c)

Question 2

Question 3