CAIE IGCSE Physics 2.1.2 Particle Model Topic Practice

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Covered syllabus points

2.1.2.1—Particle structure of solids, liquids2.1.2.2—Relationship between the motion of2.1.2.3—Pressure and the changes in pressure2.1.2.4—Random motion of microscopic particles2.1.2.5—And explain this motion (sometimes2.1.2.6—Forces and distances between particles2.1.2.7—Pressure and the changes in pressure2.1.2.8—Microscopic particles may be moved by

Question 1

[Maximum number: 1]

Fig. 3.1 shows a small block of ice floating in a beaker of warm water.

Fig. 3.1

Fig. 3.1

State one way in which the motion of the particles in ice differs from the motion of the particles in water.

Question 2

[Maximum number: 1]

The lowest possible temperature is zero kelvin ( 0 K ).

State the name of this lowest possible temperature.

Question 3

[Maximum number: 3]

Describe, in terms of particles, how a gas exerts a pressure on the walls of its container.

Question 4

[Maximum number: 2]

Fig. 4.1 shows apparatus used to observe the motion of smoke particles (Brownian motion).

Fig. 4.1

Fig. 4.1

The glass cell has light shining on it from the side.
The smoke particles are seen as bright specks of light when looking through the microscope.

Draw the path of one of the bright specks of light.
[2]

Question 5

[Maximum number: 4]

Fig. 4.1 shows apparatus used to observe the motion of smoke particles (Brownian motion).

Fig. 4.1

Fig. 4.1

The glass cell has light shining on it from the side.
The smoke particles are seen as bright specks of light when looking through the microscope.

Explain, in terms of forces and the motion of air molecules, the cause of the motion of the smoke particles.

Question 6

[Maximum number: 2]

Fig. 4.1 shows a metal pan on an electric hotplate. The pan contains 200 cm3200 \mathrm{~cm}^{3} of water.

Fig. 4.1

Fig. 4.1

The pan is heated. The temperature of the water in the pan increases.

The water boils and leaves the liquid as a gas.

Explain, in terms of forces and distances between particles, why the gas occupies a much greater volume than it does as a liquid.

Question 7

[Maximum number: 3]

A rubber balloon is inflated with helium and sealed so that no helium escapes.
The balloon is positioned immediately below the ceiling in a room.
Heaters are switched on and the temperature of the air in the room increases.

The temperature of the helium in the balloon increases and as the rubber stretches, the volume occupied by the helium increases.

As the rubber stretches and the volume of the helium increases, the pressure of the helium remains constant.

Explain, in terms of the particles of helium, how the pressure of the helium remains constant.

Question 8

[Maximum number: 1]

A stationary smoke particle is hit by a fast-moving nitrogen molecule.
Which row describes the motion of the smoke particle and of the nitrogen molecule after the collision?

smoke particle

nitrogen molecule

moves

rebounds

moves

stops

remains stationary

rebounds

remains stationary

stops

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