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CAIE IGCSE Physics 2.1.2.6 Forces & distances between particles

Practise linking particle spacing, motion and attractive forces to why solids keep shape, liquids flow and gases fill containers.

Syllabus
2026–2028
Course
Physics 0625

Exam points

  • compare solids, liquids and gases using particle arrangement, spacing and strength of attraction
  • explain large gas volume by weaker forces and much larger distances between particles
  • link cutting a crystalline solid to doing work against strong attractive forces between particles

2.1.2.6—Forces and distances between particles question 1

[Maximum number: 2]

Fig. 4.1 shows a metal pan on an electric hotplate. The pan contains 200 cm3200 \mathrm{~cm}^{3} of water.

Fig. 4.1

Fig. 4.1

The pan is heated. The temperature of the water in the pan increases.

The water boils and leaves the liquid as a gas.

Explain, in terms of forces and distances between particles, why the gas occupies a much greater volume than it does as a liquid.

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