IB ESS SL 1.3.1 Sustainability Definition Question Bank
Define sustainability as responsible maintenance of socio-ecological systems without diminishing future conditions.
- Syllabus
- First assessment 2026
- Course
- ESS SL
- Level
- SL
Define sustainability as responsible maintenance of socio-ecological systems without diminishing future conditions.

Figure:Human activity on and near Inle Lake
- Most people living here are self-sufficient farmers and fishermen.
- Houses are built of wood and bamboo on stilts in the lake.
- Inle carp are a staple food; rice is grown on surrounding hillsides.
- Lotus plants provide fibres for weaving; floating gardens use weed from the lake bottom and grow fruits and vegetables such as tomatoes and cauliflowers.
- Floating gardens rise and fall with water levels and use nutrients from the lake.
Using evidence from the figures showing human activity on and near Inle Lake and the agriculture fact file, explain why the people of Inle Lake have lived sustainably until recently.
evidence
explanation
people survive on local/renewable/diverse resources/ eg. fish sold in local market;
reduces energy lost in transport / reduces costs/food milage/don't exceed sustainable yields/no imports;
use of lotus plants for fibres for weaving;
it can regrow as a renewable resource;
Intha house is raised above the ground;
hence does not take up the ground space or reduce the habitat size;
artisanal fishing/simple boats/locally made nets;
limited yield of fish;
small human population (near carrying capacity);
limited space on the floating gardens / limited food supply;
majority of diet is vegetables;
less energy lost along food chain;
houses use natural building materials
these are renewable;
floating gardens is a farming system adapted to local conditions;
low input/subsistence farming;
Garden fertilization was based on nutrients coming from the lake;
not chemical fertilizers;
Marking guidance:
[2 max]
Allow no marks if only evidence is given.
Allow one mark for each piece of evidence with explanation up to [2 max]
Accept reasonable arguments based on the relevant Inle Lake figures.
Do not allow explanations on current unsustainable use.