IB ESS SL 1.3.15 Biocapacity Question Bank
Explain biocapacity as renewable-resource generation and waste absorption, and identify ecological overshoot.
- Syllabus
- First assessment 2026
- Course
- ESS SL
- Level
- SL
Explain biocapacity as renewable-resource generation and waste absorption, and identify ecological overshoot.

Figure:Ecological footprint and biocapacity for New Zealand (1961-2022)

Figure:Ecological footprint and biocapacity for the World (1961-2022)
With reference to Figures: Ecological footprint and biocapacity for New Zealand (1961-2022) and Ecological footprint and biocapacity for the World (1961-2022), compare and contrast the ecological footprint and biocapacity between New Zealand and the World.
Similarities [max 2]:
a. Both have declining biocapacity over time;
b. The EF for both regions are fluctuating;
c. Prior to 1970, both New Zealand and the world average had an ecological surplus/EF was lower than the biocapacity;
Differences [max 2]:
d. The biocapacity falls below the EF for the world whereas/however the biocapacity stays above the EF for NZ / New Zealand maintains an ecological reserve/surplus whereas/but/however the world operates in an ecological deficit;
e. The biocapacity for NZ has fallen from approximately 21 to 8 (global hectares/person) compared to the world, which has fallen from approximately 3.2 to 1.6 (global hectares/person) / the biocapacity in NZ has fallen more (greater decrease in hectares per capita/ 13 gph / capita ) than the world ( 1.6 gph / capita);
f. The biocapacity in NZ is higher than (the biocapacity) for the World;
g. The overall EF for New Zealand (above 5) is greater that the EF of the world (about 2.5) / World EF is smaller than New Zealand's EF;
Note to examiners: do not accept unrelated statements without an element of comparison or contrast e.g. higher than, both.