Practise explaining why sustainability issues operate across local, national and global scales, then compare the strengths of local and international action.
| Commodity | Proportion of exports by value (\%) |
|---|---|
| Hydrocarbons | 74 |
| Metals | 8 |
| Machinery | 4 |
| Chemicals | 6 |
| Timber | 2 |
| Food and grains | 1 |
| Other | 5 |
Table:Russia's exports in 2014, by value
Figure:Total annual sulphur dioxide and particulate emissions from smelting factories in Norilsk
Figure:Vegetation damage associated with smelting factories in Norilsk
Figure:Total exports of timber (in units of thousand cubic metres) from Russia between 2012 and 2014
Figure:Range of the Siberian tiger in 1800 and 2000
Figure:Causes of tiger mortality in and near Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve, 1992-2005
Siberia context
• The taiga provides habitat, stores carbon, regulates climate and supplies timber.
• Deforestation can affect biodiversity, carbon storage and downstream/global systems.
• Russia’s exports include hydrocarbons, metals, machinery, chemicals, timber, food and grains.
• Siberian tiger conservation involves international trade controls as well as local policing, reserves and enforcement.
To what extent might it be better to consider environmental issues at a global, rather than a local level, when planning for sustainable development in Siberia?