IB ESS HL 8.1.11 Hl Dtm Pattern Analysis Questions

High in Country B due to: high agricultural work force / need for children to work on the farm;
children may be seen as an economic asset;
no/low access to contraception/family planning/birth control;
lack of education / low female education;
culture /religious factors encourages many children;

Low in Country C due to: high urban population / no space or need for large family;
children may be seen as an economic liability;
lower child mortality leads to lower birth rates (no need to compensate loss with having more children);
economic development means less reliance on children to look after parents in old age;
freely/easily available contraception/family planning/birth control;
most of the population is educated past primary level/high female education;
greater emancipation of women;
economic costs of children outweigh cultural factors;
religious factors;
government has an anti-natal policy;

Marking guidance:

Accept any two different reasons from either list above.
Do not credit the same reason twice eg "lack of contraception results in higher fertility rates and availability of contraception results in lower fertility rates. "