IB ESS HL 2.2.23 Primary Productivity Question Bank

Figures: Copperbelt land-use change in 1972 and 2000 land use changed from 1972 to 2000: agriculture/scattered dwellings/mixed vegetation increased from 40% to 59%; woodlands decreased from 56% to 32%; plantations increased from 0% to 4%.

- Figure: Mining in Zambia and Copperbelt impacts: 84% of Zambia export income comes from mining, although there are efforts to increase income from agriculture and manufacturing.
- Most mining occurs in the Copperbelt and Northwestern Provinces; Zambia is a major producer of copper and cobalt.
- Historic mining in Copperbelt Province has left 21 waste rock dumps, 9 slag heaps and 45 tailing dams with toxic metal concentrations.
- The Kafue River supplies local communities; young Tilapia are unable to survive near mining areas in the Kafue River.
- Mining activity in Copperbelt Province has supported an increase in local population.

- Figure: Fact file on Zambia: Zambia has approximately 14.64 million people and an annual population growth rate of 2.8%.
- Indigenous forest covers approximately 491348 km^2; wood fuel contributes about 80% of domestic energy consumption.
- Zambia has abundant wildlife, forests, water resources and mineral deposits.

Identify four factors that would affect the primary productivity of forest plantations in the Copperbelt Province.