8.2.8—Urban planning purpose

Urban planning decides how land and buildings are used while balancing physical, domestic, environmental, commercial, industrial, financial and health needs.

Treat a plan as a coordination decision: identify who benefits, who bears costs and which evidence supports the choice. Technical efficiency alone cannot settle stakeholder conflict.

A transport corridor may improve jobs and access while imposing noise or displacement costs on nearby residents.

Ask efficient for whom, at whose cost, and whether health and environmental needs are protected.

Planning is not only engineering; distribution and participation are part of the decision.