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IB Environmental Systems and Societies

Topic 1: Foundation

Topic 2: Ecology

Topic 3: Biodiversity and conservation

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change

Topic 7: Natural resources

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems

8.1 Human populations

8.2 Urban systems and urban planning

8.3 Urban air pollution

HL.a Environmental law

HL.b Environmental economics

HL.c Environmental ethics

IB/ESS/HL//Concept/Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems

Syllabus: First assessment 2026
Section: —
Level: HL

Exam analysis

Most tested topics

Human populations
Urban systems and urban planning
Urban air pollution
HL.a Environmental law
HL.b Environmental economics
HL.c Environmental ethics