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IB Environmental Systems and Societies
Topic 1: Foundation
1.1 Perspectives
1.2 Systems
1.3 Sustainability
Topic 2: Ecology
Topic 3: Biodiversity and conservation
Topic 4: Water
Topic 5: Land
Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change
Topic 7: Natural resources
Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems
IB/ESS/HL//Concept/Topic 1: Foundation

Topic 1: Foundation

Syllabus
First assessment 2026
Section
—
Level
HL

Exam analysis

Most tested topics

  1. Perspectives
  2. Systems
  3. Sustainability