8.2.10—Ecological urban planning

Ecological urban planning treats the city as an ecosystem and matches an approach—habitat, farming, biophilic, resilience or regenerative design—to a specific urban problem.

Urban ecology connects habitats; farming produces food; biophilic design reconnects people and nature; resilience prepares for shocks; regenerative architecture aims to improve functions. Always name problem → mechanism → outcome.

For repeated flash flooding, permeable surfaces and rain capture are resilience responses; a decorative green wall is not the main drainage mechanism.

Urban farming; the action is food production, not simply adding a plant aesthetic.

A green roof or smart building is a tactic; it is not automatically the whole ecological approach.