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IB Environmental Systems and Societies

Topic 1: Foundation

Topic 2: Ecology

2.1 Individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems

2.2 Energy and biomass in ecosystems

2.3 Biogeochemical cycles

2.4 Climate and biomes

2.5 Zonation, succession and change

Topic 3: Biodiversity and conservation

Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change

Topic 7: Natural resources

Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems

IB/ESS/HL//Concept/Topic 2: Ecology

Topic 2: Ecology

Syllabus: First assessment 2026
Section: —
Level: HL

Exam analysis

Most tested topics

Individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems
Energy and biomass in ecosystems
Biogeochemical cycles
Climate and biomes
Zonation, succession and change