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B2.2.2—Nucleus-cytoplasm separation

The nuclear envelope separates DNA-containing nucleus from cytoplasm, allowing transcriptional processing, DNA protection, and regulated exchange before translation occurs in eukaryotic cells.

Syllabus
First assessment 2025
Objective
B2.2.2
Level
HL

Concept essentials

  • The nuclear envelope separates DNA from cytoplasmic translation machinery.
  • Nuclear pores regulate movement of RNA and proteins between nucleus and cytoplasm.
  • mRNA processing can occur before mature mRNA leaves the nucleus.
  • Chromosomal DNA remains inside the nucleus rather than passing through pores for translation.
ConceptIB Biology HL