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B2.1.9—Glycoproteins and glycolipids

Glycoproteins and glycolipids carry external carbohydrate chains that form the glycocalyx for recognition, adhesion, and signalling interactions; These outward-facing carbohydrates make the cell surface chemically identifiable to other cells.

Syllabus
First assessment 2025
Objective
B2.1.9
Level
HL

Concept essentials

  • Glycoproteins have carbohydrate chains attached to membrane proteins.
  • Glycolipids have carbohydrate chains attached to membrane lipids.
  • Carbohydrate chains are exposed on the extracellular membrane surface.
  • The glycocalyx supports recognition, adhesion, and cell signalling.
ConceptIB Biology HL