CAIE A-Level Physics 9.1.4 Using I = Anvq
Practise using I = Anvq to identify quantities and units, calculate current, drift speed or carrier density and interpret dimension or carrier changes.
- Syllabus
- 2028–2030
- Course
- Physics 9702
- Level
- AS
Practise using I = Anvq to identify quantities and units, calculate current, drift speed or carrier density and interpret dimension or carrier changes.
A metal wire has length L and cross-sectional area A, as shown in Fig. 6.1.

Fig. 6.1
I is the current in the wire,
n is the number of free electrons per unit volume in the wire,
v is the average drift speed of a free electron and
e is the charge on an electron.
State, in terms of A, e, L and n, an expression for the total charge of the free electrons in the wire.
nALe
B1
Use your answer in (i) to show that the current I is given by the equation
( t is time taken for electrons to move length L )
I=Q / t
B1
I=n A L e / t
or
I=n A L e /(L / v)
or
I=nA vte /t and I=nA ve
B1
A metal wire in a circuit is damaged. The resistivity of the metal is unchanged but the cross
sectional area of the wire is reduced over a length of 3.0 mm , as shown in Fig. 6.2.

Fig. 6.2
The wire has diameter d at cross-section X and diameter 0.69 d at cross-section Y . The current in the wire is 0.50 A .
Determine the ratio
average drift speed of free electrons at cross-section X average drift speed of free electrons at cross-section Y.
ratio =
ratio = area at X/area at Y
=[πd2/4]/[π(0.69d)2/4] or d2/(0.69d)2 or 1/0.692
C1
= 2.1
A1