Calculate and distinguish distance, displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration using scalar or vector information from Cambridge A Level Physics motion data and graphs.
A pendulum consists of a solid sphere suspended by a string from a fixed point P , as shown in Fig. 3.1.
Fig. 3.1 (not to scale)
The sphere swings from side to side. At one instant the sphere is at its lowest position X , where it has kinetic energy 0.86 J and momentum 0.72 Ns in a horizontal direction. A short time later the sphere is at position Y , where it is momentarily stationary at a maximum vertical height h above position X.
The string has a fixed length and negligible weight. Air resistance is also negligible.
On Fig. 3.1, draw a solid line to represent the displacement of the centre of the sphere at position Y from position X .