Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter

1.1 Introduction to the particulate nature of matter

1.2 The nuclear atom

1.3 Electron configurations

1.4 The mole

1.5 Ideal gases

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure

2.1 The ionic model

2.2 The covalent model

2.3 The metallic model

2.4 From models to materials

Structure 3. Classification of matter

3.1 The periodic table

3.2 Functional groups: Organic compounds

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?

1.1 Measuring enthalpy changes

1.2 Energy cycles

1.3 Energy from fuels

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?

2.1 Amount of chemical change

2.2 Rate of chemical change

2.3 Extent of chemical change

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?

3.1 Proton transfer reactions

3.2 Electron transfer reactions

3.3 Electron sharing reactions (Radicals)

3.4 Electron-pair sharing reactions

IB Chemistry SL 3.4 Electron-pair sharing reactions Question Bank

[Maximum number: 2]

Chlorine undergoes many reactions.

(a)

(i)

Write the equation for the reaction of chloroethane with a dilute aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.

[ 1 ]

(ii)

Deduce the nucleophile for the reaction in d(iii).

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

Ethyne, $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}$ , reacts with oxygen in welding torches.

(a)

Ethyne reacts with steam.

Two possible products are:

[ 1 ]

(i)

Product A contains a carbon-carbon double bond. State the type of reactions that compounds containing this bond are likely to undergo.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

Alkanes are commonly occurring organic compounds.

(a)

Chloroethane can be converted to ethanol. Identify the reagent and conditions necessary for this reaction to occur.

Reagent:
Conditions:

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

Halogenoalkanes are used as refrigerants and solvents.

(a)

Substance X undergoes nucleophilic substitution with a hydroxide nucleophile.

[ 2 ]

(i)

Describe the movement of electron pairs during the reaction using curly arrows.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

The following shows some compounds which can be made from ethene, $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}$ .

\text { ethene }\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4}\right) \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{Cl} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{O}

(a)

State the type of reaction which converts ethene into $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{Cl}$ .

[ 1 ]

(b)

Write an equation for the reaction of $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{Cl}$ with aqueous sodium hydroxide to produce a $\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}$ compound, showing structural formulas.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 2]

Boron is most often encountered as a component in borosilicate glass (heat resistant glass). The naturally occurring element contains two stable isotopes, ${ }_{5}^{10} \mathrm{~B}$ and ${ }_{5}^{11} \mathrm{~B}$ .

(a)

(i)

Explain why this compound acts as a Lewis acid.

[ 2 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

1-chloropentane reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide.

(a)

(i)

Outline the role of the hydroxide ion in this reaction.

[ 1 ]

[Maximum number: 1]

Which definition of a base is correct?

A Lewis base accepts a proton.

A Brønsted-Lowry base accepts an electron pair.

A Brønsted-Lowry base donates an electron pair.

A Lewis base donates an electron pair.

[Maximum number: 1]

Which substance can act as a Lewis acid but not as a Brønsted-Lowry acid?

HCl

$\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}$

$\mathrm{BF}_{3}$

$\mathrm{CF}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}$

[Maximum number: 1]

Which species cannot function as a Lewis acid?

$\mathrm{BF}_{3}$

$\mathrm{AlCl}_{3}$

$\mathrm{CCl}_{4}$

$\mathrm{H}^{+}$

0 selected

Question 1

Question 1(d)

Question 1(d)(iii)

Question 1(d)(iv)

Question 1

Question 1(c)

Question 1(c)(i)

Question 1

Question 1(c)

Question 4

Question 4(d)

Question 4(d)(i)

Question 3

Question 3(a)

Question 3(b)

Question 2

Question 2(d)

Question 2(d)(ii)

Question 4

Question 4(a)

Question 4(a)(ii)

Question 21

Question 21

Question 21