IB Chemistry SL Electron-Pair Sharing Reactions

Review IB Chemistry electron-pair sharing reactions through nucleophiles, electrophiles, Lewis acid-base bonding, complex ions and mechanisms.

Syllabus
First assessment 2025
Topic
3.4
Level
SL

Exam points

  • classify nucleophiles, electrophiles, Lewis bases and Lewis acids by electron-pair donation
  • deduce substitution or addition products from nucleophiles, leaving groups and alkene bonds

Covered syllabus points

3.4.1—Nucleophiles3.4.2—Nucleophilic substitution3.4.3—Heterolytic fission3.4.4—Electrophiles3.4.5—Electrophilic addition to alkenes3.4.6—Lewis acid-base theory3.4.7—Coordination bond formation3.4.8—Complex ions

3.4 Electron-pair sharing reactions question 1

[Maximum number: 2]

Chlorine undergoes many reactions.

Question (a)

(a)

Write the equation for the reaction of chloroethane with a dilute aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.

[ 1 ]

Question (b)

(b)

Deduce the nucleophile for the reaction in d(iii).

[ 1 ]

3.4 Electron-pair sharing reactions question 2

[Maximum number: 1]

Which row correctly shows heterolytic fission?

A

Br↶Br→Br++Br−\mathrm{Br} \underset{\mathrm{Br}}{\curvearrowleft} \rightarrow \mathrm{Br}^{+}+\mathrm{Br}^{-}

B

Br↶Br→2Br\mathrm{Br} \underset{\mathrm{Br}}{\curvearrowleft} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Br}.

C

BrBrBr→Br++Br−\mathrm{Br} \stackrel{\mathrm{Br}}{\mathrm{Br}} \rightarrow \mathrm{Br}^{+}+\mathrm{Br}^{-}

D

BrBrBr→2Br\mathrm{Br} \stackrel{\mathrm{Br}}{\mathrm{Br}} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Br}.

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