IB Chemistry SL Structure 3: Classification of Matter

Explore how periodic organisation and functional groups classify chemical behaviour. Practise linking electron configuration to position and trends, comparing elemental and oxide…

Syllabus
First assessment 2025
Topic
—
Level
SL

Covered syllabus points

3.1 The periodic table3.2 Functional groups: Organic compounds

Structure 3. Classification of matter question 1

[Maximum number: 1]

Lithium and boron are elements in period 2 of the periodic table. Lithium occurs in group 1 (the alkali metals) and boron occurs in group 3. Isotopes exist for both elements.

Distinguish between the terms group and period.

Structure 3. Classification of matter question 2

[Maximum number: 2]

Strychnine, C21H22 N2O2(Mr=334.4)\mathrm{C}_{21} \mathrm{H}_{22} \mathrm{~N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}\left(M_{\mathrm{r}}=334.4\right), is a white crystalline solid obtained from plants.

Question (a)

(a)

The formula of strychnine is:

Figure for Question (a) — IB Chemistry SL
[ 2 ]

Question (i)

(i)

State the type of structural formula shown.

[ 1 ]

Question (ii)

(ii)

State the name of the functional group containing the nitrogen atom labelled "1".

[ 1 ]

Structure 3. Classification of matter question 3

[Maximum number: 5]

Iron rusts in the presence of oxygen and water. Rusting is a redox process involving several steps that produces hydrated iron(III) oxide, Fe2O3∙nH2O\mathrm{Fe}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} \bullet \mathrm{nH}_{2} \mathrm{O}, as the final product. The half-equations involved for the first step of rusting are given below.

Half-equation 1: Fe(s)→Fe2+(aq)+2e−\quad \mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{s}) \rightarrow \mathrm{Fe}^{2+}(\mathrm{aq})+2 \mathrm{e}^{-}

Half-equation 2: O2(aq)+4e−+2H2O(l)→4OH−(aq)\quad \mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{aq})+4 \mathrm{e}^{-}+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l}) \rightarrow 4 \mathrm{OH}^{-}(\mathrm{aq})

Question (a)

(a)

Identify the oxidation number of each atom in the three species in half-equation 2.

Figure for Question (a) — IB Chemistry SL
[ 2 ]

Question (b)

(b)

State the property that determines the order in which elements are arranged in the periodic table.

[ 1 ]

Question (c)

(c)

State the relationship between the electron arrangement of an element and its group and period in the periodic table.

[ 2 ]

Structure 3. Classification of matter question 4

[Maximum number: 5]

Chlorine undergoes many reactions.

Question (a)

(a)

State, giving a reason, whether the chlorine atom or the chloride ion has a larger radius.

[ 1 ]

Question (b)

(b)

Outline why the chlorine atom has a smaller atomic radius than the sulfur atom.

[ 2 ]

Question (c)

(c)

2.67 g of manganese(IV) oxide was added to 200.0 cm3200.0 \mathrm{~cm}^{3} of 2.00moldmm−3HCl2.00 \mathrm{moldm} \mathrm{m}^{-3} \mathrm{HCl}.

MnO2( s)+4HCl(aq)→Cl2( g)+2H2O(l)+MnCl2(aq)\mathrm{MnO}_{2}(\mathrm{~s})+4 \mathrm{HCl}(\mathrm{aq}) \rightarrow \mathrm{Cl}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{l})+\mathrm{MnCl}_{2}(\mathrm{aq})
[ 2 ]

Question (i)

(i)

State the oxidation state of manganese in MnO2\mathrm{MnO}_{2} and MnCl2\mathrm{MnCl}_{2}.
MnO2:\mathrm{MnO}_{2}:MnCl2\mathrm{MnCl}_{2} :

[ 2 ]

Structure 3. Classification of matter question 5

[Maximum number: 2]

Alkenes, such as A (shown below), are important intermediates in the petrochemical industry because they undergo addition reactions to produce a wide variety of products, such as the conversion shown below.

Figure for Question Structure 3. Classification of matter question 5 — IB Chemistry SL

Question (a)

(a)

Applying IUPAC rules, state the name of A.

[ 1 ]

Question (b)

(b)

In the gas phase, A reacts with hydrogen to form D.

Figure for Question (b) — IB Chemistry SL
[ 1 ]

Question (i)

(i)

State the homologous series to which D belongs.

[ 1 ]
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