(b) Properties of waves

Explain the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves

Know the definitions of amplitude, wavefront, frequency, wavelength and period of a wave

Know that waves transfer energy and information without transferring matter

Know and use wave speed = frequency × wavelength, v = fλ.

Use frequency = 1 ÷ time period, f = 1/T.

Use the above relationships in different contexts, including sound waves and electromagnetic waves

Explain why there is a change in the observed frequency and wavelength of a wave when its source is moving relative to an observer and that this is known as the Doppler effect

Explain that all waves can be reflected and refracted