IB Psychology SL 2.3.6 Enculturation Questions

Refer to the paper 1 section A markbands when awarding marks.
The command term "explain" requires candidates to give a detailed account, including reasons or causes, for how enculturation affects cognition and/or behaviour, with reference to one relevant study.

The focus of the response should be on one effect of enculturation - in other words, how learned cultural norms affect cognition and/or behaviour.

Relevant effects of enculturation may include, but are not limited to:
- Effects on parenting behaviours through the enculturation of gender roles: Fagot et al. (1974);
Barry (1959)
- Effects on memory: Demorest et al (2008) on musical memory;
Martin and Halverson (1983) on reconstructive memory;
Kearins (1981) on memory strategies among indigenous Australians;
Cole and Scribner (1974) on memory strategies and schooling
- Effects on conformity: Berry and Katz (1967)
- Effects on impulsivity: Lamm et al.'s (2017) marshmallow study of self-control in German versus Cameroonian children;
Chen et al.'s (2005) study of online shopping behaviour
- Effects on learning: Odden and Rochat (2004) on enculturation of fishing, household chores and the hierarchical system in Samoa.

If a candidate explains one effect of enculturation on human cognition and/or behaviour without reference to a relevant study, up to a maximum of [5] should be awarded.

If a candidate describes a relevant study without explaining an effect of enculturation on human cognition and/or behaviour, up to a maximum of [4] should be awarded.

If a candidate explains more than one effect of enculturation on human cognition and/or behaviour, credit should be given only to the first one.

If a candidate refers to more than one study, credit should be given only for the first study.