IB ESS HL 8.3.11 Hl Tropospheric Ozone Indirect Impacts Questions
Practise IB ESS HL 8.3.11 by applying tropospheric ozone indirect impacts concepts to environmental systems questions.
- Syllabus
- First assessment 2026
- Course
- ESS HL
- Level
- HL
Exam points
- Explain how air-pollution illness raises healthcare costs and affects health-service demand.
- Explain how illness reduces workforce participation and contributes to lost economic output.
IB ESS HL 8.3.11 Hl Tropospheric Ozone Indirect Impacts Questions question 1
[Maximum number: 7]
Explain how urban air pollution could lead to significant economic losses.
Urban air pollution can cause
a. Heart disease/lung cancer/respiratory diseases...;
b. ... raising medical/healthcare costs...;
c. ...and causing loss of employment/labour productivity;
d. ...premature deaths reducing workforce;
e. Reduction in agricultural productivity/yields may increase food price;
f. Damage to buildings/monuments/equipment needing costly repairs/maintenance;
g. Increased costs of mitigation/cleaning;
h. Cost of end of pipe technologies;
i. Cost of setting, monitoring and policing air quality standards;
j. Cost of education/raising public awareness;
k. Loss of revenue from tourism in heavily polluted venues;
I. Property devaluation of highly polluted cities/areas;
m. Companies offer hardship compensation for working in heavily polluted cities;
n. Industries may be closed down due to excessive emissions;
o. Switching to alternative energy sources is often expensive;
Note to examiners: Award [1 max] for each identified impact. Credit any valid statement of equivalent significance and validity.
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