CourseCourseQuestionQuestionDocumentDocument
IB Environmental Systems and Societies
Topic 1: Foundation
Topic 2: Ecology
Topic 3: Biodiversity and conservation
Topic 4: Water
Topic 5: Land
Topic 6: Atmosphere and climate change
Topic 7: Natural resources
Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems
8.1 Human populations
8.2 Urban systems and urban planning
8.3 Urban air pollution
HL.a Environmental law
HL.b Environmental economics
HL.c Environmental ethics
HL.c.1—Ethics definition
HL.c.2—Environmental ethics
HL.c.3—Ethical frameworks
HL.c.4—Instrumental value
HL.c.5—Intrinsic value
HL.c.6—Instrumental and intrinsic not exclusive
HL.c.7—Moral standing
HL.c.8—Three ethical approaches
HL.c.9—Virtue ethics
HL.c.10—Consequentialist ethics
HL.c.11—Rights-based ethics
HL.c.12—"Appeal to nature" fallacy
HL.c.13—Environmental and social justice movements
IB/ESS/HL//Concept/Topic 8: Human populations and urban systems/HL.c Environmental ethics/HL.c.4—Instrumental value

HL.c.4—Instrumental value

Syllabus
First assessment 2026
Objective
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Level
HL

Identify instrumental value

HL only

Identify instrumental value.

Instrumental value is value as a means to human goals, such as goods, services, protection or development opportunities.

A wetland has instrumental value when it reduces flood damage or supplies fish.

Name the human benefit and the ecological function that produces it.

Key idea: Identify instrumental value.

Instrumental value does not mean the thing has no other value.